Can You Start A Plumbing Business With a Journeyman License? (The Real Answer)

Can You Start A Plumbing Business With a Journeyman License? Let’s Cut Through the Confusion

You’ve spent years learning the trade — bending pipes, fixing leaks, diagnosing water pressure issues. You’re proud of your journeyman license. It’s your badge of skill. But now you’re thinking bigger: Can I start my own plumbing business with just this license?

You’re not alone. Thousands of skilled plumbers ask this exact question every year. The truth? It’s not a simple yes or no. It depends on your state, your business model, and how you handle the legal side. And if you get it wrong, you could face fines, lawsuits, or even lose your license.

Let’s walk through everything you need to know — clearly, honestly, and without fluff.

What Exactly Is a Journeyman License? (And Why It’s Not Enough Alone)

A journeyman plumber has passed rigorous exams and completed 4–5 years of apprenticeship under a licensed master plumber. You know how to install, repair, and maintain systems — and you’re legally allowed to work independently under a master plumber’s supervision in most states.

But here’s the catch: a journeyman license lets you work — not run a business.

Think of it like this:

• ✅ Journeyman: You can install a water heater in someone’s home.
• ❌ Journeyman: You can’t legally advertise as “John’s Plumbing LLC” or pull permits in your own name — unless your state allows it.

In 38 out of 50 U.S. states, you must have a Master Plumber License to apply for a business license, pull permits, or hire employees. That’s according to the American Society of Plumbing Engineers — and confirmed by state licensing boards.

“A journeyman is a technician. A master is a business owner.”
— Mark Reynolds, Former State Licensing Director, Ohio

So if you’re dreaming of hiring apprentices, bidding on commercial jobs, or getting insurance under your company name — you’ll likely need more than your journeyman card.

Can You Start a Plumbing Business With a Journeyman License? The State-by-State Reality

Here’s the truth: It’s possible — but only in a few states, and under strict conditions.

Key Insight: Even in states that allow it, you’ll still need:

• A business license from your city/county
• Liability insurance ($1M minimum)
• Workers’ comp (if hiring anyone)
• A bond (often $5,000–$25,000)

💡 Real Example: In Houston, TX, plumber Carlos Rodriguez started “AquaFix Pros” with his journeyman license in 2021. He hired one apprentice and worked under his own name — but he could not pull permits for new construction. He had to partner with a master plumber for those jobs. Within 18 months, he passed the master exam and expanded into commercial work. His revenue jumped 140%.

The 5-Step Path to Start a Plumbing Business (Even If You’re a Journeyman)

If you’re serious about launching your own company — here’s how to do it legally and safely, no matter where you live.

Step 1: Check Your State’s Rules (Do This First!)

Visit your state’s Department of Licensing or Contractors Board. Search:

“[Your State] plumbing contractor license requirements”

Example:

• California → CSLB.ca.gov
• Texas → tdlr.texas.gov

Pro Tip: Call them. Ask: “Can a journeyman plumber apply for a business license?” Write down their answer.

Step 2: Get Your Business Structure in Order

Choose your legal entity:

• Sole Proprietorship: Easiest to start, but you’re personally liable.
• LLC: Recommended. Protects your personal assets. Costs $50–$500 to file.
• Corporation: Overkill for small shops. Save for later.

💡 Cost: Forming an LLC typically costs $100–$300. Use LegalZoom or your state’s secretary of state website.

Step 3: Get Business Insurance (Non-Negotiable)

• General Liability Insurance: Covers property damage or injuries. Average cost: $500–$1,200/year.
• Workers’ Compensation: Required if you hire even one employee.
• Commercial Auto Insurance: If you use your truck for work.

📊 Stat: 67% of small plumbing businesses that didn’t carry proper insurance faced lawsuits within 3 years (Source: Insurance Information Institute).

Step 4: Apply for a Business License & Bond

Your city or county will require:

• A local business license (often $50–$200)
• A plumbing contractor bond (usually $5,000–$15,000)

⚠️ Warning: Some cities (like Chicago) require the owner to be a licensed master. No exceptions.

Step 5: Get Your Master License (The Smart Long-Term Move)

Even if your state allows journeyman ownership, get your master license within 1–2 years. Why?

• You can pull permits yourself → faster job start
• Clients trust “Master Plumber” more → higher bids
• You can legally hire and train apprentices
• Insurance rates drop significantly

Most states require:

• 2+ years as a journeyman
• Passing a business + trade exam
• Proof of 10,000+ hours of experience

✅ Bonus: Many states offer free prep courses through community colleges. Search “Master Plumber Exam Prep [Your State]”.

Journeyman-Owned Business: Pros vs. Cons

Verdict: Starting as a journeyman is a stepping stone, not a finish line. Use it to build client trust, cash flow, and experience — then upgrade.

FAQ: Your Top 6 Questions, Answered

Q1: Can I legally use my journeyman license to sign contracts with homeowners?

In most states, no. Contracts for plumbing work that require permits must be signed by a licensed master plumber. If you sign as a journeyman, the contract may be void, and you could be fined. Always check your state’s plumbing code.

Q2: What happens if I start a business without a master license?

You’re operating illegally. Penalties include:

• Fines up to $5,000 per violation
• Suspension of your journeyman license
• Civil lawsuits if something goes wrong (e.g., flood damage)
• Criminal charges in extreme cases (e.g., fraud)

Many states now cross-check business registrations with licensing boards. It’s not a matter of “if” — it’s “when” you get caught.

Q3: How long does it take to become a master plumber?

Typically 2–5 years after becoming a journeyman, depending on your state. You need:

• 4–8 years total experience (including apprenticeship)
• 10,000+ documented hours
• Pass a written exam (business + technical)
• Some states require a resume review

Example: In Pennsylvania, you need 5 years as a journeyman plus a 4-hour business law exam.

Q4: Can I hire apprentices with just a journeyman license?

Only in a few states (like Texas, Arizona, and Nevada), and only if you’re registered as a contractor. In most places, only a master plumber can sponsor apprentices. Always verify with your state board.

Q5: Do I need a business license even if I’m just doing odd jobs?

Yes. Even if you’re a sole proprietor doing $500 jobs, you still need a local business license. Most cities require it for anyone doing paid work — plumbing or not. Skip this, and you risk fines or losing your home-based business permit.

Q6: Is it worth it to get the master license?

Absolutely. According to a 2023 survey by HomeAdvisor, plumbers with master licenses earn 22% more on average than journeyman-only operators. Clients pay more for “Master Certified” service — and banks approve loans faster for master-owned businesses.

Final Thoughts: Your Business Starts With Knowledge — Not Just a License

Can you start a plumbing business with a journeyman license? Technically, yes — in a handful of states. But realistically? You’re setting yourself up for frustration, legal risk, and lost opportunities.

The smartest path?
👉 Use your journeyman license to build your reputation.
👉 Earn your master license within 1–2 years.
👉 Then launch your business — legally, confidently, and profitably.

You’ve already proven you’re skilled. Now prove you’re smart enough to build a lasting business.

Found this helpful?
💬 Share this with a fellow journeyman who’s dreaming of owning their own shop.
📌 Save this guide for later — plumbing regulations change often, and you’ll want to come back.
🔗 Tag us on Instagram or Facebook if you’re starting your business — we’d love to cheer you on!

You didn’t become a journeyman by accident. Don’t let bureaucracy stop you from becoming a business owner. Take the next step today.