Do You Need To Be Licensed To Be a Plumber? (Yes—Here’s Why)

Thinking about becoming a plumber—or hiring one for a leaky faucet or full bathroom remodel? You might be wondering: do you need to be licensed to be a plumber? The short answer is yes, in nearly every U.S. state. But the details matter—because skipping licensing isn’t just risky for your career; it can endanger homeowners, violate building codes, and even lead to legal trouble. In this guide, we’ll break down exactly why plumbing licenses exist, how to earn one, and what happens if you (or your contractor) operate without one.

Why Do States Require Plumbing Licenses?

Plumbing isn’t just about fixing clogs or installing faucets. It involves working with pressurized water systems, gas lines, sewage, and complex building codes that protect public health and safety. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, over 500,000 plumbers are employed nationwide—and nearly all must be licensed to work legally.

Licensing ensures that plumbers:

• Understand local and national plumbing codes (like the IPC—International Plumbing Code)
• Can safely handle gas and water systems
• Know how to prevent contamination of drinking water
• Are held accountable for substandard work

Without licensing, anyone could claim to be a plumber—even without knowing how to properly vent a drain or size a water heater. That’s why states enforce these rules: to protect you and your home.

💡 Fun fact: In 2023, the National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors (PHCC) reported that unlicensed plumbing work was a top cause of insurance claim denials for water damage.

Is Plumbing Licensing Required in Every State?

Almost—but not quite. While 48 states and Washington, D.C. require some form of plumbing license, two states—Kansas and Wyoming—do not have statewide licensing. However, even in those states, local cities or counties often impose their own licensing rules.

For example:

• In Wyoming, cities like Cheyenne and Casper require local plumbing permits and certifications.
• In Kansas, while the state doesn’t license plumbers, major metro areas like Wichita and Overland Park do.

👉 Always check your local jurisdiction—not just your state—before starting plumbing work.

You can verify requirements through your state’s Department of Labor, Licensing Board, or Building Department. Many also list rules on official government websites (e.g., ca.gov, ny.gov).

For a full overview of U.S. plumbing regulations, see the Wikipedia page on plumbing codes in the United States .

How to Become a Licensed Plumber: Step-by-Step

Becoming a licensed plumber typically follows a 3-stage path: apprenticeship → journeyman → master plumber. Here’s how it works in most states:

1. Complete a High School Diploma or GED

Most programs require this as a baseline. Courses in math, physics, and shop class help.

2. Enroll in a Plumbing Apprenticeship (4–5 Years)

• Combine on-the-job training (2,000+ hours per year) with classroom instruction (144+ hours/year).
• Sponsored by unions (like UA Plumbers & Pipefitters) or trade schools.
• You’ll learn pipefitting, blueprint reading, safety protocols, and code compliance.

3. Pass the Journeyman Plumber Exam

• After 4–5 years, apply to take your state’s journeyman exam.
• Covers local codes, math, system design, and troubleshooting.
• Passing = you can work independently (but not pull permits or run a business in many states).

4. Gain Experience & Become a Master Plumber (Optional but Recommended)

• Work 1–2 more years as a journeyman.
• Pass the master plumber exam (harder, includes business and advanced system design).
• Now you can start your own plumbing company, hire others, and pull permits.

📊 According to the PHCC, licensed master plumbers earn 20–30% more than unlicensed handymen doing similar work.

What Happens If You Work (or Hire) Without a License?

Operating without a plumbing license can lead to serious consequences—for both plumbers and homeowners.

For Plumbers:

• Fines: Up to $5,000 per violation in states like California or Florida.
• Jail time: In extreme cases (e.g., causing gas leaks or sewage backups).
• Inability to sue for payment: Courts often side with homeowners if the plumber was unlicensed.

For Homeowners:

• Voided insurance: If an unlicensed plumber causes a flood, your homeowner’s policy may deny the claim.
• Costly repairs: Poor work may require complete system re-dos.
• Failed inspections: Unpermitted work can delay home sales or trigger code violations.

⚠️ Real case: In 2022, a Texas homeowner paid $12,000 to fix damage caused by an unlicensed “plumber” who improperly connected a water heater—leading to mold and structural damage.

Licensed vs. Unlicensed Plumbers: Key Differences

Bottom line: Paying a bit more for a licensed pro saves you thousands in risk.

Common Misconceptions About Plumbing Licenses

❌ “I can do small jobs without a license.”

Not true. Most states define “plumbing work” broadly—even replacing a toilet or installing a sink often requires a permit and licensed oversight.

❌ “Online certifications are enough.”

No. Real plumbing licenses require hands-on experience and state-administered exams. Online “certificates” are not legally recognized.

❌ “My neighbor did plumbing work fine without a license.”

Maybe—but if something goes wrong years later (like a hidden leak), you’ll have no legal protection.

FAQ: Do You Need To Be Licensed To Be a Plumber?

Q1: Can I do plumbing work on my own home without a license?

A: In many states, yes—homeowners can perform plumbing on their primary residence. But you still need to pull permits and pass inspections. Rules vary, so check with your local building department.

Q2: How much does a plumbing license cost?

A: Fees range from $50 to $500, depending on the state and license level (apprentice, journeyman, master). Renewal is usually required every 1–2 years.

Q3: How long does it take to get a plumbing license?

A: Typically 4–6 years from start to master plumber. Some states offer accelerated paths for military veterans or those with related trade experience.

Q4: Can I transfer my plumbing license to another state?

A: Sometimes. States like Arizona and Nevada have reciprocity agreements, but most require you to take their specific exam or complete additional training.

Q5: Are there different types of plumbing licenses?

A: Yes. Common types include:

• Residential plumber (homes only)
• Commercial plumber (businesses, high-rises)
• Master plumber (full scope, can supervise others)
• Specialty licenses (e.g., medical gas, irrigation)

Q6: What if I hire an unlicensed plumber by accident?

A: Stop work immediately. Ask for their license number and verify it online via your state’s contractor board. If they’re unlicensed, report them—and consult a licensed pro to assess any damage.

Conclusion

So, do you need to be licensed to be a plumber? Absolutely—both legally and ethically. Licensing protects public health, ensures quality work, and builds trust in a skilled trade that keeps our homes safe and functional.

Whether you’re starting a plumbing career or hiring someone for a home project, always verify credentials. A quick check could save you from costly mistakes, legal headaches, or even health hazards.

✅ Found this guide helpful? Share it with a friend, DIYer, or future plumber on Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn!
And if you’re considering a plumbing career, reach out to your local trade school or union—your journey to becoming a licensed pro starts today.