How Do You Get a Plumber’s License? (Step-by-Step Guide)

Thinking about turning your plumbing skills into a full-fledged career? You’re not alone—over 500,000 plumbers work in the U.S. today, and demand is growing faster than average (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). But before you can legally take on most plumbing jobs, you’ll need to answer a critical question: how do you get a plumber’s license? This guide walks you through every step—from apprenticeships to exams—with real-world tips, state-specific insights, and expert-backed advice to help you succeed.

What Is a Plumber’s License and Why Do You Need One?

A plumber’s license is an official credential issued by a state (or local) licensing board that certifies you’ve met the education, experience, and testing requirements to perform plumbing work legally. Without it, you’re typically limited to assisting licensed plumbers or working only on very minor residential tasks—depending on your state.

According to the U.S. Department of Labor , 48 states and D.C. require plumbers to be licensed at some level. Only Kansas and Wyoming have no statewide licensing, though local municipalities may still impose rules.

💡 Why it matters: Licensed plumbers earn 20–30% more on average than unlicensed workers and have access to commercial projects, government contracts, and self-employment opportunities.

Step-by-Step: How Do You Get a Plumber’s License?

While exact requirements vary by state, the path to licensure generally follows these five key steps:

1. Meet Basic Eligibility Requirements

Most states require you to:

• Be at least 18 years old
• Have a high school diploma or GED
• Be a U.S. citizen or legal resident
• Pass a background check (some states disqualify applicants with certain felonies)

✅ Pro Tip: Check your state’s plumbing board website early—some states like California and Texas have additional residency or language requirements.

2. Complete a Plumbing Apprenticeship (Typically 4–5 Years)

An apprenticeship combines on-the-job training with classroom instruction. You’ll work under a master plumber while learning:

• Pipefitting and drainage systems
• Local and national plumbing codes (IPC or UPC)
• Blueprint reading
• Safety protocols

How to find one:

• Join a union program (e.g., UA Plumbers & Pipefitters)
• Enroll in a state-registered apprenticeship (search via Apprenticeship.gov )
• Get hired by a licensed plumbing company that sponsors trainees

📊 Stat: The average apprenticeship lasts 8,000 hours of fieldwork + 500–1,000 hours of classroom time (per U.S. DOL standards).

3. Gain Journeyman-Level Experience

After your apprenticeship, you’ll usually qualify for a Journeyman Plumber License. This allows you to work independently (but not supervise others or pull permits in some states).

Typical requirements:

• 2–4 years of documented plumbing experience
• Proof of completed apprenticeship
• Passing a journeyman exam

⚠️ Note: In states like New York, you must hold a journeyman license for at least 1–2 years before applying for a master license.

4. Pass the Required Licensing Exam(s)

Exams test your knowledge of:

• Plumbing codes (International Plumbing Code or state-specific codes)
• Math and blueprint interpretation
• Local regulations and safety standards

Most exams are multiple-choice, 100–150 questions, with a 70–75% passing score.

Prep resources:

• PSI Exams (administers tests in 30+ states)
• ICC (International Code Council) practice tests
• Trade schools like Penn Foster or Ashworth College

🔗 For a full overview of plumbing codes used across the U.S., see the International Plumbing Code entry on Wikipedia .

5. Apply for Your License and Pay Fees

Submit your application to your state plumbing board with:

• Proof of experience (signed by licensed plumbers)
• Exam scores
• Application fee ($50–$300, depending on state)
• Sometimes: liability insurance or bond

Processing takes 2–8 weeks. Once approved, you’ll receive your license number—required on all business materials and permits.

State-by-State Differences: What You Must Know

Licensing is not national—it’s controlled at the state level. Here’s how three states compare:

🌎 Key Insight: If you plan to work in multiple states, look into reciprocity agreements. For example, Arizona and Nevada have partial reciprocity for licensed plumbers from certain states.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• ❌ Skipping code updates: Plumbing codes change every 3–6 years. Stay current!
• ❌ Falsifying experience hours: Boards verify with employers—lying = license denial or revocation.
• ❌ Ignoring continuing education: Many states (e.g., Illinois, Oregon) require CE credits for renewal.
• ❌ Assuming one license fits all: A residential license ≠ commercial license in many states.

FAQ Section

Q1: How long does it take to get a plumber’s license?

A: Typically 4–6 years—including a 4–5 year apprenticeship, plus exam prep and processing time. Some states offer accelerated paths for military veterans or those with related trade experience.

Q2: Can I get a plumber’s license with a felony?

A: It depends. Many states conduct a character review. Non-violent, older offenses may be acceptable, but drug-related or fraud convictions could disqualify you. Always disclose upfront and check with your state board.

Q3: Do I need a license to do small plumbing jobs?

A: In most states, yes—if you’re charging for the work. Minor tasks like unclogging a drain might be exempt, but installing fixtures, gas lines, or water heaters almost always require a license.

Q4: How much does it cost to get licensed?

A: Total costs range from $500 to $2,500, including:

• Apprenticeship fees (often paid by employer)
• Exam fees ($75–$200)
• Application & licensing fees ($50–$300)
• Study materials ($100–$500)

Q5: Can I work as a plumber while getting licensed?

A: Yes—as an apprentice under direct supervision of a licensed plumber. You cannot pull permits or work independently until licensed.

Q6: What’s the difference between journeyman and master plumber?

A: A journeyman can work independently but can’t supervise others or own a plumbing business in many states. A master plumber can do all that, plus design systems and obtain permits. Becoming a master usually requires 1–5 additional years of experience.

Conclusion

Now you know exactly how do you get a plumber’s license—from apprenticeship to exam day and beyond. Earning your license isn’t just about legality; it’s your ticket to higher pay, greater respect, and long-term career stability in a recession-proof trade.

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Your future as a licensed plumber starts with one step—take it today.