How Long Does It Take to Become a Journeyman Plumber?

Thinking about a career in the skilled trades? You’re not alone—many Americans are turning to plumbing for its stability, earning potential, and hands-on work. But if you’re asking, “How long does it take to become a journeyman plumber?”, you’re likely looking for clarity on the path ahead. Good news: while it requires commitment, the journey is structured, rewarding, and typically takes 4 to 5 years. Let’s break it down step by step.

What Is a Journeyman Plumber?

Before diving into timelines, it helps to understand what a journeyman plumber actually is. In the U.S. plumbing industry, a journeyman plumber is a licensed professional who has completed an apprenticeship and passed a licensing exam. Unlike apprentices, journeymen can work independently (though not run their own plumbing business—that requires a master plumber license).

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of plumbers is projected to grow 2% from 2024 to 2034, with about 48,000 openings each year—many due to retirements and industry demand.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Journeyman Plumber? (Step-by-Step Timeline)

The standard path to becoming a journeyman plumber in the United States involves apprenticeship, classroom instruction, and state licensing. Here’s the typical breakdown:

1. Meet Basic Eligibility Requirements (1–2 Months)

Most states require you to:

• Be at least 18 years old
• Have a high school diploma or GED
• Pass a basic math and reading assessment
• Pass a drug test (for union or contractor programs)

Tip: Some vocational schools offer pre-apprenticeship courses to boost your chances of acceptance.

2. Enroll in a Plumbing Apprenticeship (4–5 Years)

This is the core of your training. Apprenticeships combine on-the-job training (OJT) with classroom instruction.

• Duration: 4 to 5 years (varies by state and program)
• Hours Required: Typically 8,000–10,000 hours of hands-on work
• Classroom Hours: Around 500–1,000 hours of technical instruction

Apprenticeships are offered through:

• Unions (e.g., UA – United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipefitting Industry)
• Non-union contractors
• Community colleges or trade schools (often in partnership with local employers)

💡 Example: In California, the Division of Apprenticeship Standards requires 8,000 hours of OJT and 720 hours of related instruction over 4 years.

3. Apply for Journeyman Licensure (1–3 Months)

Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can apply for your journeyman license. Requirements vary by state but generally include:

• Proof of completed apprenticeship hours
• Application fee ($50–$300)
• Passing a state-administered exam (covering plumbing codes, safety, and system design)

Some states, like Texas and Florida, have reciprocal agreements, allowing licensed journeymen to work across state lines more easily.

4. Pass the Journeyman Plumbing Exam

The exam tests your knowledge of:

• IPC (International Plumbing Code) or UPC (Uniform Plumbing Code)—depending on your state
• Drainage systems
• Water supply and distribution
• Venting and fixtures

Study resources like PSI Exams or Red Seal prep books are widely used. First-time pass rates average 65–75%, so thorough preparation is key.

📌 Pro Tip: Many states publish exam content outlines online—review them early!

State-by-State Variations: Does Location Affect Timeline?

Yes—licensing rules differ significantly by state. While most follow the 4–5 year model, some allow accelerated paths:

⚠️ Always check with your state’s plumbing licensing board—requirements can change.

For a full list of U.S. plumbing regulations, refer to the Wikipedia page on plumbing licensing in the United States .

Apprenticeship vs. Trade School: Which Is Faster?

Many wonder if skipping an apprenticeship for a trade school diploma speeds things up. The short answer: not really.

• Trade School Alone:
  • Duration: 1–2 years
  • Outcome: Certificate or associate degree
  • Limitation: Does not replace apprenticeship hours in most states
• Apprenticeship + Trade School (Hybrid):
  • Best of both worlds: earn while you learn + structured education
  • Still takes 4+ years to qualify for journeyman status

🛠️ Real-World Insight: “I went to a 2-year plumbing tech program, but still needed 4,000 on-the-job hours before I could sit for the exam,” says Marcus T., a journeyman plumber in Ohio.

Pros and Cons of Becoming a Journeyman Plumber

FAQ: Common Questions About Becoming a Journeyman Plumber

Q1: Can I become a journeyman plumber without an apprenticeship?
A: In most states, no. Apprenticeship hours (or equivalent documented experience) are mandatory. A few states allow “experience-only” paths, but they still require 4,000–8,000 verified work hours under a licensed plumber.

Q2: How much does a journeyman plumber make?
A: According to the BLS (2024), the median annual wage is $60,090. Top earners in states like Alaska, Illinois, or New Jersey can make $80,000+, especially with overtime or specialized skills (e.g., medical gas, commercial plumbing).

Q3: Is a journeyman plumber the same as a licensed plumber?
A: Yes—in most contexts. “Journeyman plumber” is the official title for a licensed, mid-level plumber who has passed the state exam but hasn’t yet become a master plumber.

Q4: Do I need to renew my journeyman license?
A: Yes. Most states require renewal every 1–2 years, often with continuing education credits (e.g., 4–8 hours on code updates or safety).

Q5: Can I work in another state with my journeyman license?
A: It depends. Some states have reciprocity agreements (e.g., between Arizona and Nevada), but many require you to take their exam or complete additional hours. Always verify with the destination state’s licensing board.

Q6: What’s the difference between journeyman and master plumber?
A: A master plumber has additional experience (usually 1–2 years post-journeyman), passes a more advanced exam, and can pull permits, design systems, and run a plumbing business. Journeymen work under a master’s supervision in many states.

Conclusion: Is the Journey Worth It?

Absolutely. While it takes 4 to 5 years to become a journeyman plumber, you’re investing in a high-demand, debt-free career with real upward mobility. You’ll gain hands-on skills, earn a paycheck from day one of your apprenticeship, and join a profession that’s essential to public health and infrastructure.

If you’re ready to turn wrenches into wages, start by contacting your local union hall or state apprenticeship board. And if you found this guide helpful, share it with someone considering a trade career—your next apprentice might be a friend!

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