Thinking about becoming a plumber—or just wondering if it’s a well-paying trade? You’re not alone. Many Americans are exploring skilled trades as stable, high-demand careers with strong earning potential. One of the most common questions people ask is: “How much does a plumber make an hour?” The answer isn’t one-size-fits-all—it depends on experience, location, certifications, and even the type of plumbing work you do. In this guide, we’ll break down real data, regional differences, and expert insights so you get a clear, accurate picture of plumber earnings in 2024.
What Is the Average Hourly Wage for a Plumber in the U.S.?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), as of May 2023, the median hourly wage for plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters was $29.50 per hour. That translates to roughly $61,360 annually for full-time work (based on 2,080 hours per year).
But here’s the key: median means half earn more, half earn less. Top-tier plumbers—especially those with specialties or in high-cost states—can earn well over $50 per hour.
Which States Pay Plumbers the Highest Hourly Rates?
Location dramatically impacts earnings. Plumbers in urban areas or states with high demand and strict licensing often command premium rates.
Top 5 Highest-Paying States for Plumbers (Hourly):
Illinois: $38.20/hour
Alaska: $37.90/hour
Hawaii: $37.50/hour
New Jersey: $36.80/hour
Massachusetts: $36.10/hour
In contrast, states like Mississippi and West Virginia report averages closer to $20–$22/hour.
💡 Pro Tip: If you’re willing to relocate or work in commercial/industrial settings (not just residential), your earning potential can jump significantly—even in mid-tier states.
What Factors Influence a Plumber’s Hourly Rate?
Not all plumbers earn the same—even in the same city. Here’s what drives wage differences:
Certifications & Licenses: A master plumber license (required in most states after 4–5 years of experience) can boost your rate by 20–40%.
Specialization: Gas line installers, medical gas plumbers, or green plumbing experts often charge $50–$100/hour for niche services.
Union vs. Non-Union: Union plumbers (e.g., through UA – United Association) typically earn 15–25% more than non-union peers.
Self-Employment: Independent contractors set their own rates but must cover insurance, tools, and taxes. Many charge $75–$150/hour for emergency or after-hours calls.
Overtime & Emergency Calls: Weekend or holiday emergency plumbing can double or triple standard hourly rates.
For context, a licensed plumber in Los Angeles might charge $125/hour for a Saturday night sewer backup—while the same job on a Tuesday afternoon could be $65/hour.
How Do Plumbers Compare to Other Skilled Trades?
Plumbing remains one of the most lucrative skilled trades in the U.S. Here’s how it stacks up:
Plumber
$29.50
Electrician
$28.75
HVAC Technician
$26.40
Carpenter
$24.10
Welder
$22.80
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Plumbers also enjoy strong job security—the BLS projects 5% job growth from 2022 to 2032, faster than average, due to aging infrastructure and new construction.
Step-by-Step: How to Maximize Your Plumbing Earnings
Want to earn more as a plumber? Follow this roadmap:
Complete an Apprenticeship (typically 4–5 years): Combine paid on-the-job training with classroom instruction. Most states require this to become licensed.
Get Licensed: Pass your state’s journeyman exam. This alone can increase your hourly rate by $5–$10.
Earn Specialized Certifications: Examples:
Backflow Prevention Assembly Tester (BPAT)
Medical Gas Piping Installer
Green Plumbers USA certification
Join a Union: The United Association (UA) offers higher wages, benefits, and ongoing training.
Go Independent: After 5+ years, consider starting your own business. Use platforms like Angi or HomeAdvisor to attract clients.
Offer Emergency Services: Charge premium rates for 24/7 availability—many customers pay without hesitation during crises.
⚠️ Note: Always check your state’s plumbing board requirements. Licensing rules vary—some states (like Kansas) have no statewide license, while others (like California) require rigorous exams and continuing education.
For more on plumbing as a profession, see the Plumber entry on Wikipedia , which outlines global practices and historical context.
FAQ Section
Q: Do plumbers really make six figures? A: Yes—especially in high-demand areas. Master plumbers in cities like San Francisco, New York, or Seattle often earn $80,000–$120,000+ annually. Those who own businesses or specialize in commercial projects can exceed $150,000.
Q: How much do apprentice plumbers make per hour? A: Apprentices typically start at 40–50% of a journeyman’s rate. In 2024, that’s about $15–$20/hour, with raises every 1,000 hours worked. Many programs also include health benefits and pension contributions.
Q: Are plumbing wages going up? A: Yes. Due to labor shortages and rising construction costs, plumber wages have increased 3–5% annually over the past five years. The trend is expected to continue through 2030.
Q: Can I become a plumber without going to college? A: Absolutely. Most plumbers enter the field through apprenticeships, not college degrees. A high school diploma or GED is usually sufficient to start. Technical schools can help, but aren’t required.
Q: What’s the difference between a journeyman and a master plumber? A: A journeyman can work independently but can’t pull permits or run a business in most states. A master plumber has passed an advanced exam, can supervise others, own a company, and handle complex systems like gas lines or large-scale commercial plumbing.
Q: Do plumbers get paid hourly or per job? A: Both. Residential plumbers often charge hourly ($45–$150), especially for diagnostics. Commercial or installation jobs may use flat-rate pricing (e.g., $400 to install a water heater). Emergency calls are almost always hourly with a minimum charge (e.g., 1–2 hours).
Conclusion
So, how much does a plumber make an hour? The real answer: anywhere from $18 to $75+, depending on your skills, location, and business model. With strong demand, low automation risk, and clear paths to six-figure income, plumbing remains one of America’s most reliable—and rewarding—trades.
Whether you’re considering this career or just comparing service costs, understanding these wage dynamics helps you make smarter decisions. If you found this guide helpful, share it with someone exploring a trade career—they’ll thank you later!
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