Wondering how much does a plumber make in the USA? You’re not alone. Whether you’re considering a career in plumbing, negotiating a raise, or just curious about skilled trades, understanding real-world earnings matters. Plumbing isn’t just about fixing leaks—it’s a stable, in-demand profession with strong earning potential across the country. In this guide, we’ll break down actual salary data, regional differences, and what factors can boost (or limit) your income in this essential trade.
What Is the Average Salary for a Plumber in the USA?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters in May 2023 was $61,550—or about $29.59 per hour.
But here’s the key: “median” means half earn more, half earn less. Top-tier plumbers, especially those with licenses, specializations, or business ownership, can earn well above $100,000 annually.
Entry-Level (0–2 yrs)
$38,000 – $48,000
Mid-Career (3–7 yrs)
$49,000 – $68,000
Experienced (8+ yrs)
$70,000 – $95,000+
Master Plumbers / Business Owners
$90,000 – $130,000+
Source: BLS, PayScale, and industry surveys (2024)
Which States Pay Plumbers the Most?
Location plays a huge role in plumbing income. High cost-of-living areas often offer higher wages—but not always. Here are the top 5 highest-paying states for plumbers (BLS 2023 data):
Illinois – $89,850
Alaska – $85,190
Massachusetts – $82,950
New Jersey – $82,470
Hawaii – $80,830
Conversely, states like Mississippi, Arkansas, and South Dakota report average plumber salaries below $45,000. Always consider local demand, union presence, and licensing requirements when evaluating opportunities.
💡 Pro Tip: Urban centers (e.g., Chicago, Boston, Seattle) often pay more due to complex infrastructure and higher service call volumes—even if state averages seem modest.
What Factors Influence a Plumber’s Earnings?
Not all plumbers earn the same—and that’s by design. Your income depends on several controllable and situational factors:
1. Licensing Level
Apprentice: Paid hourly (typically $16–$22/hr) while training.
Journeyman: Licensed to work independently ($22–$38/hr).
Master Plumber: Can run a business, design systems, and mentor others ($35–$60+/hr).
Becoming a master plumber usually requires 4–5 years of experience + passing a state exam.
2. Employment Type
Residential plumbers often earn steady but modest incomes.
Commercial/industrial plumbers work on larger projects (hospitals, skyscrapers, factories) and command 20–30% higher pay.
Emergency or after-hours plumbers can charge premium rates—often 2x–3x standard hourly fees.
3. Self-Employment vs. Company Work
Owning your own plumbing business carries risk—but the payoff is significant. According to IBISWorld, independent plumbing contractors average $85,000–$120,000/year after 5+ years, with top earners clearing $150K+ through service contracts and commercial clients.
📌 Note: Self-employed plumbers must account for overhead—insurance, vehicle costs, marketing, and taxes.
How Does Plumbing Salary Compare to Other Skilled Trades?
Plumbing stacks up well against similar hands-on careers. Here’s a quick comparison (2023 BLS data):
Plumber
$61,550
Electrician
$60,240
HVAC Technician
$51,390
Construction Manager
$101,480
Carpenter
$51,310
Plumbers earn more than most non-managerial trades and enjoy stronger long-term job security due to infrastructure aging and housing demand.
Absolutely—yes. While the national median sits around $61K, many plumbers routinely earn $100,000+, especially if they:
Work in high-demand metro areas (e.g., San Francisco, New York, Boston).
Offer 24/7 emergency services.
Specialize in commercial plumbing, medical gas systems, or green plumbing tech (like tankless water heaters or greywater recycling).
Own a licensed plumbing business with a loyal client base.
Real-world example: A master plumber in Chicago running a small team reported $128,000 in net income in 2024 after expenses, thanks to recurring maintenance contracts with apartment complexes.
Step-by-Step: How to Maximize Your Plumbing Income
Want to boost your earnings? Follow this actionable roadmap:
Complete a state-approved apprenticeship (typically 4–5 years, paid while you learn).
Pass your journeyman license exam—required in 44 states.
Gain 2–3 years of diverse experience (residential + commercial).
Pursue certifications in niche areas (e.g., backflow prevention, solar water heating).
Build a professional online presence (Google Business Profile, reviews, website).
Consider starting your own business once you have a client network and savings buffer.
⚠️ Warning: Skipping licensing or undercharging to “get work” hurts the industry—and your long-term value.
FAQ: Common Questions About Plumber Salaries
Q: Do plumbers make more than college graduates?
A: Often, yes—without student debt. The average plumber earns more than graduates in fields like psychology, communications, or fine arts. Many trade professionals out-earn bachelor’s degree holders by age 30.
Q: How much do apprentice plumbers make?
A: Apprentices typically earn 40–60% of a journeyman’s wage, starting around $16–$20/hour. Pay increases each year of training. Most programs also include classroom instruction at no cost.
Q: Are plumbing jobs in demand?
A: Extremely. The BLS projects a 5% job growth for plumbers from 2022–2032—faster than average—driven by new construction, aging infrastructure, and retirements. That’s over 50,000 new jobs this decade.
Q: Can women succeed as plumbers?
A: Absolutely. While only about 2% of plumbers are women, those in the field report high job satisfaction, strong wages, and growing support networks (e.g., Women Plumbers of America).
Q: What’s the highest-paying plumbing specialty?
A:Medical gas piping, industrial plumbing, and fire sprinkler systems often pay the most due to strict codes and certification requirements. These roles can command $50–$75/hour.
Q: Do union plumbers earn more?
A: Generally, yes. Union plumbers (e.g., through UA – United Association) often receive higher base wages, better benefits, and pension plans. However, union work may be less flexible than independent contracting.
Conclusion: A Lucrative, Future-Proof Career
So, how much does a plumber make in the USA? The real answer: as much as your skills, hustle, and strategy allow. From a solid $60K median to six-figure potential, plumbing offers financial stability, job security, and independence—without a four-year degree or crippling debt.
If you’re exploring career options or looking to grow in the trade, now is an excellent time to invest in plumbing. The pipes aren’t going anywhere—and neither is the demand for skilled professionals who keep them flowing.
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