Thinking about becoming a plumberโor just wondering if itโs a financially smart career move? Youโre not alone. Many Americans are exploring skilled trades as stable, well-paying alternatives to traditional four-year degrees. How much money does a plumber make in a year isnโt just a numberโitโs a gateway to understanding job security, growth potential, and real-world earning power in a high-demand field. Letโs break it down with up-to-date data, expert insights, and practical advice.
What Is the Average Plumber Salary in the U.S.?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 data, the median annual wage for plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters is $60,090. That translates to about $28.89 per hour. But hereโs the key: โmedianโ means half earn more, half earn less. Top-tier plumbersโespecially those with experience, certifications, or business ownershipโcan earn well over $100,000 per year.
For context, this median salary is higher than the national average for all occupations ($58,260), and it comes with far less student debt than many college paths.
๐ก Pro Tip: Entry-level plumbers typically start around $38,000โ$45,000, but with just 5โ7 years of experience, earnings often jump to $70,000+.
What Factors Influence a Plumberโs Annual Income?
Your paycheck as a plumber isnโt one-size-fits-all. Several variables dramatically impact earnings:
1. Experience Level
- Apprentice: $30,000โ$45,000
- Journeyman: $50,000โ$75,000
- Master Plumber: $75,000โ$110,000+
Becoming a master plumber usually requires 4โ5 years of hands-on work plus passing a state licensing exam.
2. Geographic Location
Plumbers in high-cost or high-demand states earn significantly more. The top-paying states (BLS 2023) include:
Illinois | $92,690 |
Alaska | $89,330 |
Massachusetts | $87,760 |
New Jersey | $85,910 |
Hawaii | $85,400 |
Urban areas like Chicago, Boston, and Anchorage offer premium rates due to labor shortages and complex infrastructure needs.
3. Employment Type
- Union plumbers often earn 15โ25% more than non-union peers, with better benefits.
- Self-employed plumbers can earn $80,000โ$150,000+ but must cover overhead (insurance, tools, marketing).
- Emergency or after-hours work can double hourly rates (e.g., $100โ$150/hour for weekend drain backups).
4. Specialization
Plumbers who specialize in areas like commercial plumbing, medical gas systems, or green plumbing technologies command higher fees. For example, medical gas plumbers require additional certification but often earn 20% more.
For more on plumbing specializations, see the Wikipedia page on plumbing .

How Do Plumber Salaries Compare to Other Skilled Trades?
Many compare plumbing to electricians, HVAC technicians, or carpenters. Hereโs how they stack up (BLS 2023 median annual wages):
Plumber | $60,090 |
Electrician | $60,240 |
HVAC Technician | $51,390 |
Carpenter | $55,720 |
Plumbing holds its ownโand often edges out competitorsโthanks to year-round demand (people always need running water!) and fewer seasonal fluctuations.
Can You Really Make Six Figures as a Plumber?
Yesโabsolutely. But it takes strategy. Hereโs how top earners do it:
- Get licensed as a Master Plumber โ unlocks higher-paying commercial jobs.
- Start your own business โ control pricing, keep 100% of profits.
- Offer emergency services โ charge premium rates for after-hours calls.
- Upskill in high-demand niches โ like tankless water heaters or smart plumbing systems.
- Work in unionized regions โ especially in the Northeast or Midwest.
One real-world example: Mike, a master plumber in Chicago, runs a two-person shop specializing in historic home restorations. He averages $115,000/year after expenses by focusing on high-end clients and charging $125/hour.
Step-by-Step: How to Maximize Your Plumbing Income
Want to boost your earnings? Follow this roadmap:
- Complete a 4โ5 year apprenticeship (paid on-the-job training + classroom work).
- Pass your Journeyman exam โ required in most states to work independently.
- Gain 2โ3 years of diverse experience (residential, commercial, repair, installation).
- Earn your Master Plumber license โ opens doors to supervision, design, and contracting.
- Consider business training โ even basic courses in marketing or accounting help solo plumbers thrive.
- Join a union or professional association โ like the United Association (UA) for networking and higher wages.
๐ Note: Licensing requirements vary by state. Always check your local regulations at www.nccco.org or your stateโs contractor board.
FAQ: Common Questions About Plumber Salaries
Q: Do plumbers make more than college graduates?
A: Often, yesโespecially early in their careers. The average plumber with 5 years of experience earns more than many bachelorโs degree holders in fields like communications, psychology, or education, and without $30,000+ in student debt.
Q: How much do apprentice plumbers make?
A: Apprentices typically earn 40โ60% of a journeymanโs wage, starting around $15โ$20/hour. Most programs last 4โ5 years and include paid classroom instruction.
Q: Can women succeed (and earn well) in plumbing?
A: Absolutely. While only about 2% of plumbers are women, those who enter the field report high job satisfaction and equal pay for equal work. Organizations like Nontraditional Employment for Women (NEW) offer support and training.
Q: Are plumbing jobs in demand?
A: Yesโemployment is projected to grow 5% from 2022 to 2032 (faster than average), driven by infrastructure upgrades, new construction, and an aging workforce retiring.
Q: Whatโs the highest-paying plumbing job?
A: Master plumbers in unionized commercial roles or self-employed contractors in high-cost cities top the charts. Some earn $130,000โ$180,000 by managing teams or specializing in industrial systems.
Q: Do plumbers get benefits?
A: Union and full-time employees usually receive health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off. Self-employed plumbers must secure their own benefits but can deduct costs as business expenses.
Conclusion
So, how much money does a plumber make in a year? The honest answer: anywhere from $40,000 to $150,000+, depending on your choices, location, and ambition. Plumbing isnโt just about fixing leaksโitโs a respected, recession-resistant career with serious earning potential and low educational debt.
If you value hands-on work, problem-solving, and financial independence, plumbing could be your golden pipe.
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