What Do You Need to Be a Plumber? (Step-by-Step Guide)

Thinking about a hands-on, in-demand career that pays well and offers job security? You’re not alone. Many Americans are turning to skilled trades like plumbing—and for good reason. But before you grab a wrench, you need to know: what do you need to be a plumber? This guide breaks down everything—from education and licensing to essential tools and soft skills—so you can start your journey with confidence.

What Education Do You Need to Become a Plumber?

Contrary to popular belief, you don’t need a four-year college degree to become a plumber. In fact, most plumbers start with a high school diploma or GED and then pursue one of two main paths:

1. Trade School (Vocational Program)
   Trade schools offer focused, hands-on training in plumbing fundamentals—pipefitting, drainage systems, blueprint reading, and local codes. Programs typically last 6 months to 2 years and cost between $1,000–$15,000, depending on location and duration.
2. Apprenticeship
   The most common route: a 4- to 5-year paid apprenticeship combining on-the-job training (around 2,000 hours per year) with classroom instruction (at least 246 hours annually). You’ll work under a licensed plumber while earning a wage that increases as you gain skills.

💡 According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), about 80% of plumbers learn through formal apprenticeships.

Both paths prepare you for state licensing exams—but apprenticeships often lead to faster employment and mentorship from experienced professionals.

Do You Need a License to Be a Plumber?

Yes—in most U.S. states, you need a license to work as a plumber. Licensing requirements vary by state, but generally follow this progression:

For example:

• In California, you need 4 years of experience and must pass the CSLB exam.
• In Texas, you apply through the Texas State Board of Plumbing Examiners after completing an approved program.

📌 Always check your state’s plumbing board website. Licensing ensures you meet safety and code standards—and it’s often required by law.

You can learn more about plumbing regulations and history on Wikipedia’s plumbing page .

Essential Tools Every Plumber Needs

You can’t fix leaks with just your hands. Here’s a starter toolkit (cost: $300–$800) every new plumber should own:

• Pipe wrench – for gripping and turning pipes
• Plunger & drain snake – for clogs
• Tubing cutter – for clean copper pipe cuts
• Teflon tape & pipe thread sealant – for leak-proof joints
• Basin wrench – for hard-to-reach faucet nuts
• Multimeter – to test electrical components in water heaters
• Safety gear – gloves, goggles, and steel-toed boots

Pro tip: Many apprentices start with basic tools and build their kit over time. Employers often provide larger equipment like pipe threaders or camera inspection systems.

Physical & Soft Skills Required

Plumbing isn’t just about pipes—it’s about people and problem-solving. Here’s what you’ll need beyond technical know-how:

✅ Physical stamina – You’ll crawl in tight spaces, lift heavy materials, and stand for hours.
✅ Problem-solving – Diagnosing a hidden leak requires logic and patience.
✅ Customer service – You’ll work in people’s homes; being polite and professional builds trust.
✅ Attention to detail – A single misaligned joint can cause major water damage.
✅ Basic math – Measuring pipe lengths, calculating slopes for drainage, and reading blueprints all require arithmetic.

“The best plumbers combine craftsmanship with communication,” says Maria Lopez, a master plumber in Chicago with 18 years of experience. “Clients remember how you made them feel—not just how fast you fixed the sink.”

How Much Does It Cost to Become a Plumber?

Let’s break down the real costs (U.S. average):

Good news: Many apprenticeships are paid—you earn while you learn. Starting wages average $18–$25/hour, rising to $30–$50/hour as a journeyman.

According to the BLS (2023), the median annual wage for plumbers is $60,090, with top earners making over $100,000—especially in urban areas or with specialty skills (like gas line installation).

Pros and Cons of a Plumbing Career

Before you commit, weigh the realities:

If you enjoy fixing things, working with your hands, and seeing immediate results, plumbing could be your perfect fit.

Step-by-Step: How to Become a Plumber in the U.S.

Follow this clear roadmap:

1. Earn a high school diploma or GED – Focus on math, science, and shop classes.
2. Choose your path: Enroll in a trade school or apply for an apprenticeship (check Plumbers & Pipefitters Union or local contractors).
3. Complete training – Gain hands-on experience and classroom knowledge.
4. Pass your state licensing exam – Study local plumbing codes and safety regulations.
5. Work as a journeyman – Build your reputation and skills.
6. Advance to master plumber (optional) – Unlock higher pay and business ownership.

Most people become fully licensed plumbers in 4–5 years.

FAQ: What Do You Need to Be a Plumber?

Q: Can I become a plumber without going to school?

A: Yes! Many plumbers skip trade school and go straight into a paid apprenticeship. You’ll still get classroom instruction—but while earning a wage.

Q: How long does it take to become a licensed plumber?

A: Typically 4 to 5 years, including apprenticeship hours and passing your state exam. Some states offer accelerated paths for military veterans or those with related experience.

Q: Do plumbers make good money?

A: Absolutely. The median salary is over $60,000/year, and experienced or self-employed plumbers often earn $75,000–$100,000+. Emergency or specialty services (like sewer line repair) can command premium rates.

Q: Is plumbing a dangerous job?

A: It has risks—exposure to sewage, sharp tools, or confined spaces—but proper training and safety gear minimize danger. OSHA guidelines and union programs emphasize workplace safety.

Q: Can I start my own plumbing business?

A: Yes! Once you’re a licensed journeyman (or master plumber, depending on your state), you can launch your own company. Many successful plumbing businesses start as one-person operations.

Q: Are plumbers in demand?

A: Very. The BLS projects 14% job growth from 2022–2032—much faster than average—due to aging infrastructure, new construction, and retiring workers.

Conclusion

So, what do you need to be a plumber? A mix of training, hands-on experience, licensing, the right tools, and a problem-solving mindset. It’s a career that offers stability, strong income, and the satisfaction of solving real-world problems—no college debt required.

If you’re ready to turn wrenches into wages, take the first step today: research local apprenticeships or trade schools in your area. And if you found this guide helpful, share it with someone who’s considering a trade career—you might just change their life!

🔧 Your future in plumbing starts now—drip by drip, pipe by pipe.