Thinking about a hands-on, in-demand career with strong job security and solid pay? You’re not alone. Many Americans are turning to skilled trades like plumbing as a smart alternative to traditional four-year degrees. If you’ve ever asked yourself, “What do you need to do to become a plumber?”—you’re in the right place. This guide walks you through every step, from high school to licensed professional, with real data, expert insights, and actionable advice.
Why Choose a Career in Plumbing?
Before diving into the “how,” it helps to understand the “why.” Plumbing isn’t just about fixing leaky faucets—it’s a critical infrastructure profession with growing demand.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters is projected to grow 5% from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations. That translates to about 51,500 openings each year—many due to retirements and industry expansion.
Plus, the median annual wage for plumbers in 2023 was $60,090, with top earners making over $100,000, especially in states like Alaska, Illinois, and New York.
“Plumbing is recession-resistant,” says Mike Smith, a master plumber with 22 years of experience in Chicago. “People always need clean water and working drains—no matter the economy.”
Step 1: Earn a High School Diploma or GED
The first official step toward becoming a plumber is completing high school or earning your GED. Focus on courses that build foundational skills:
- Math (especially algebra and geometry for pipe measurements and angles)
- Science (physics helps understand water pressure and flow)
- Shop or vocational classes (if available)
Many trade schools and apprenticeship programs require a diploma or equivalent as a minimum entry requirement.
Step 2: Enroll in a Plumbing Trade School (Optional but Recommended)
While not always mandatory, attending a plumbing trade school can give you a significant head start. These programs typically last 6 months to 2 years and cover:
- Pipefitting and soldering
- Blueprint reading
- Local plumbing codes
- Safety protocols
Pros vs. Cons of Trade School
| Faster entry into the field | Tuition costs ($1,000–$15,000) |
| Hands-on training in controlled environments | Not always required for apprenticeships |
| Networking with instructors and local contractors | Less real-world experience than on-the-job training |
Top trade schools include Lincoln Tech, Penn Foster, and community colleges with accredited plumbing programs.
Step 3: Complete a Plumbing Apprenticeship
This is the core requirement in nearly every U.S. state. A plumbing apprenticeship typically lasts 4 to 5 years and combines:
- 2,000 hours per year of paid on-the-job training
- 144+ hours per year of classroom instruction
You’ll work under a licensed journeyman or master plumber, learning everything from installing water heaters to troubleshooting sewer lines.
Apprenticeships are offered through:
- Unions (e.g., United Association – UA)
- Non-union contractor associations
- State workforce development programs
💡 Tip: Search for registered apprenticeships at apprenticeship.gov , a U.S. Department of Labor site.
Step 4: Get Licensed in Your State
Licensing requirements vary by state, but most follow this general path:
- Complete your apprenticeship
- Pass a written exam (covering plumbing codes, safety, and math)
- Pay a licensing fee ($50–$300, depending on location)
For example:
- In Texas, you need 4 years of experience + pass the Texas State Board exam.
- In California, you must register as a trainee first, then become a journeyman after 4 years.
Some states (like Kansas and Wyoming) don’t require state-level licensing—but local municipalities often do. Always check your city or county regulations.
Learn more about plumbing regulations and history on Wikipedia’s Plumbing page .
Step 5: Consider Specialization or Master Plumber Certification
Once licensed as a journeyman plumber, you can:
- Work independently
- Start your own business
- Pursue master plumber status (after 2–5 more years of experience)
Master plumbers can:
- Design plumbing systems
- Pull permits
- Supervise apprentices
Specializations that boost income include:
- Commercial plumbing
- Medical gas installation
- Green plumbing (water-efficient systems)
How Long Does It Take to Become a Plumber?
| Trade School + Apprenticeship | 4–5 years | Most common route |
| Apprenticeship Only | 4–5 years | Free training, paid while learning |
| Fast-Track Programs | 2–3 years | Rare; usually require prior experience |
There’s no shortcut—but every hour on the job builds your expertise and earning potential.
What Skills Do You Need to Succeed as a Plumber?
Technical know-how matters, but soft skills are equally important:
- Problem-solving: Diagnosing hidden leaks or clogs
- Physical stamina: Working in tight crawl spaces or lifting heavy pipes
- Customer service: Explaining repairs to homeowners clearly
- Attention to detail: One wrong measurement can cause major water damage
“Plumbers are part engineers, part detectives,” says Maria Lopez, a licensed plumber in Phoenix. “You’ve got to think three steps ahead.”
FAQ: Common Questions About Becoming a Plumber
Q1: Do I need a college degree to become a plumber?
A: No. A high school diploma or GED is sufficient. Most training happens through apprenticeships or trade schools—not universities.
Q2: How much does plumbing school cost?
A: Costs range from $1,000 (online programs) to $15,000 (in-person, full-time programs). Many apprenticeships are free or employer-sponsored.
Q3: Can I become a plumber if I’m over 30?
A: Absolutely. The plumbing industry welcomes career changers. Many apprentices are in their 30s, 40s, or even 50s.
Q4: Is plumbing a dangerous job?
A: Like any trade, it carries risks (exposure to sewage, sharp tools, heights). But with proper PPE and training, it’s very safe. OSHA guidelines minimize hazards.
Q5: Do plumbers make good money?
A: Yes. The median salary is over $60,000, and self-employed plumbers in high-demand areas often earn $80,000–$120,000/year.
Q6: Can I start my own plumbing business?
A: Yes—after gaining experience and obtaining a contractor’s license (required in most states for business owners).
Conclusion
So, what do you need to do to become a plumber? Start with a high school diploma, join an apprenticeship, get licensed, and keep learning. It’s a clear, achievable path to a stable, well-paying career that’s always in demand.
Plumbing offers freedom, financial security, and the satisfaction of solving real problems every day. Whether you’re a recent graduate or switching careers, this trade welcomes hard workers with a willingness to learn.
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Your future as a skilled tradesperson starts with one pipe—and one decision.
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