What Does It Take to Become a Plumber? (Your Step-by-Step Guide)

Thinking about a hands-on, in-demand career with strong job security and earning potential? You’re not alone. Many Americans are turning to skilled trades like plumbing as a smart alternative to traditional four-year degrees. But what does it take to become a plumber? It’s more than just fixing leaky faucets—it requires training, physical stamina, problem-solving skills, and dedication. In this guide, we’ll walk you through every step, from high school to licensed professional, so you can confidently start your journey.

Why Choose a Career in Plumbing?

Before diving into the “how,” it’s worth understanding the “why.” Plumbing isn’t just a job—it’s a vital service that keeps homes, hospitals, and businesses running safely. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters is projected to grow 5% from 2022 to 2032—faster than the average for all occupations. That means over 50,000 new jobs will open up in the next decade.

Plus, the median annual wage for plumbers in 2023 was $60,090, with top earners making over $100,000—especially in states like Alaska, Illinois, and New York.

“Plumbing is recession-resistant,” says Mike Smith, a master plumber with 22 years of experience in Texas. “People will always need clean water and working drains—no matter the economy.”

What Skills Do You Need to Succeed as a Plumber?

You don’t need a college degree, but you do need the right mix of soft and technical skills:

• Problem-solving ability: Diagnosing clogs, leaks, or pressure issues requires logic and attention to detail.
• Physical strength & dexterity: You’ll crawl under sinks, lift heavy pipes, and work in tight spaces.
• Customer service: Most plumbers interact directly with homeowners—being polite and professional matters.
• Basic math: Measuring pipe lengths, calculating angles, and reading blueprints all require math fluency.
• Mechanical aptitude: Understanding how water systems, gas lines, and drainage work is essential.

Don’t worry if you’re not an expert yet—most of these skills are taught during training.

Step-by-Step: How to Become a Licensed Plumber in the U.S.

Becoming a plumber follows a clear path, though requirements vary slightly by state. Here’s the standard roadmap:

Step 1: Earn a High School Diploma or GED

Focus on math (especially geometry and algebra), science (physics helps), and shop classes if available.

Step 2: Complete a Plumbing Program (Optional but Recommended)

Trade schools and community colleges offer 6-month to 2-year plumbing programs. These cover:

• Pipefitting
• Drain-waste-vent (DWV) systems
• Local plumbing codes
• Safety protocols

Costs range from $1,000 to $15,000, but many programs partner with unions or employers for scholarships.

Step 3: Enter a Plumbing Apprenticeship

This is the core of your training. Apprenticeships typically last 4–5 years and include:

• 2,000 hours of paid on-the-job training per year
• 144–200 hours of classroom instruction annually

You’ll work under a licensed plumber while learning real-world skills. The best part? You earn while you learn—starting at $18–$25/hour, with raises as you progress.

💡 Pro Tip: Join a union (like UA – United Association) or apply through non-union contractors. Both paths lead to licensure.

Step 4: Pass the Journeyman Plumber Exam

After your apprenticeship, you’ll take a state-administered exam covering:

• Plumbing codes (based on the International Plumbing Code)
• Blueprint reading
• Safety regulations

Pass rates average 70–85% for well-prepared candidates.

Step 5: Get Licensed (State Requirements Vary)

Most states require a license to work independently. Check your state’s rules via the U.S. Department of Labor’s apprenticeship portal or your local licensing board.

For reference, California, Florida, and Texas have strict licensing, while states like Kansas have fewer restrictions.

Step 6: Advance to Master Plumber (Optional)

After 2–5 years as a journeyman, you can take the Master Plumber exam. This allows you to:

• Start your own business
• Pull permits
• Supervise other plumbers

Plumbing Apprenticeship vs. Trade School: Which Is Better?

Verdict: Most experts recommend starting with an apprenticeship—it’s faster, cheaper, and builds real-world credibility.

Challenges You Might Face (And How to Overcome Them)

• Physical demands: Wear supportive boots, stay hydrated, and stretch daily.
• Unpredictable hours: Emergency calls happen—but many plumbers set their own schedules after gaining experience.
• Licensing complexity: Use resources like Plumbing-Exam.com or your state’s contractor board for study guides.

Remember: Every master plumber started exactly where you are now.

FAQ Section

Q: How long does it take to become a plumber?
A: Typically 4–5 years through an apprenticeship. Trade school can shorten classroom time but doesn’t replace hands-on hours required for licensure.

Q: Do I need a college degree to be a plumber?
A: No. A high school diploma or GED is sufficient. Most training happens on the job or in vocational programs.

Q: Can I become a plumber at 30, 40, or older?
A: Absolutely! Plumbing welcomes career changers. Many apprentices are in their 30s or 40s—life experience is an asset.

Q: How much does plumbing school cost?
A: Community college programs average $3,000–$8,000. Private trade schools may cost up to $15,000, but scholarships and GI Bill benefits often apply.

Q: Are plumbers in demand?
A: Yes. The BLS projects 5% job growth through 2032, driven by infrastructure upgrades, new construction, and retiring workers.

Q: What’s the difference between a journeyman and master plumber?
A: A journeyman can work independently but can’t run a business or pull permits in most states. A master plumber has passed an advanced exam and can do both. Learn more about trade classifications on Wikipedia .

Conclusion

So, what does it take to become a plumber? Passion, persistence, and a willingness to learn—but not a mountain of student debt or a four-year degree. With strong job growth, solid pay, and the satisfaction of solving real problems, plumbing offers a future-proof career path for people of all backgrounds.

If this guide helped you, share it with someone considering a trade career! Whether on Facebook, LinkedIn, or Reddit’s r/Trades, your share could inspire the next generation of skilled professionals.

Ready to turn the wrench? Your journey starts with one call to a local union or contractor today. 💧🔧